GXemul: Luna 88K emulation

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This emulation mode attempts to emulate a Luna 88K workstation. Note that these were based on Motorola 88000 processors, not 68000.

Emulated hardware:

88100 CPU (Only a single CPU works. Real LUNA machines could have up to 4.)
Interrupt controller and parts of the system board
Serial console
Keyboard
Graphical monochrome framebuffer, 1280 x 1024
Lance Ethernet

NOT emulated yet:

SCSI
Mouse
Color framebuffers

OpenBSD/luna88k running as a guest OS can reach userland and be interacted with, using either serial console or a graphical framebuffer, when using root-on-nfs.

OpenBSD/luna88k:

GXemul does not yet emulate the SCSI controller in the LUNA88K machine, so OpenBSD/luna88k needs to boot with root-on-nfs. Another emulated machine must then be used as the nfs root server, and the emulated LUNA88K machine must boot as a diskless client. To make matters even more complicated, the OpenBSD/luna88k 6.8 RAMDISK kernel has support for Ethernet, but it does not seem to have a driver for nfs included or at least it doesn't work in the emulator. Therefore, a separate OpenBSD ramdisk kernel, e.g. for OpenBSD/sgi, needs to be used to run the final step of the root-on-nfs installation.

Performing this setup is quite time consuming, but necessary.

Let's get started.

First of all, the "nfs server" machine must be set up. Install NetBSD/pmax 8.0 from CDROM, perform a default install (without X11) from CDROM without configuring the network, but add a 4000 MB /tftpboot partition when configuring the disk!

On the host, download the OpenBSD distribution:

wget http://ftp.eu.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.8/luna88k/base68.tgz wget http://ftp.eu.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.8/luna88k/comp68.tgz wget http://ftp.eu.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.8/luna88k/xbase68.tgz wget http://ftp.eu.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.8/luna88k/xfont68.tgz wget http://ftp.eu.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.8/luna88k/xserv68.tgz wget http://ftp.eu.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.8/luna88k/xshare68.tgz

Start the emulation of the DECstation NFS server using this command line:

gxemul -xe 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img -d base68.tgz -d comp68.tgz -d xbase68.tgz -d xfont68.tgz -d xserv68.tgz -d xshare68.tgz
and enter the following commands to configure the server for NFS serving and extract the OpenBSD distribution:

echo hostname=server >> /etc/rc.conf echo ifconfig_le0=\"inet 10.0.0.2\" >> /etc/rc.conf echo nameserver 10.0.0.254 >> /etc/resolv.conf echo 10.0.0.254 > /etc/mygate echo /tftpboot -maproot=root 10.0.0.3 > /etc/exports echo rpcbind=YES >> /etc/rc.conf echo nfs_server=YES >> /etc/rc.conf echo mountd=YES >> /etc/rc.conf echo bootparamd=YES >> /etc/rc.conf printf "client root=10.0.0.2:/tftpboot swap=10.0.0.2:/tftpboot/swap\n" > /etc/bootparams echo "00:00:0a:10:20:30 client" > /etc/ethers echo 10.0.0.3 client > /etc/hosts cd /tftpboot tar xzf /dev/sd1c tar xzf /dev/sd2c tar xzf /dev/sd3c tar xzf /dev/sd4c tar xzf /dev/sd5c tar xzf /dev/sd6c tar zxfv var/sysmerge/etc.tgz tar zxfv var/sysmerge/xetc.tgz dd if=/dev/zero of=swap bs=1024 count=262144 echo inet 10.0.0.3 > /tftpboot/etc/hostname.le0 echo 10.0.0.254 > /tftpboot/etc/mygate echo nameserver 10.0.0.254 > /tftpboot/etc/resolv.conf echo 127.0.0.1 client localhost > /tftpboot/etc/hosts echo 10.0.0.2:/tftpboot / nfs rw 0 0 > /tftpboot/etc/fstab echo 10.0.0.2:/tftpboot/swap none swap sw,nfsmntpt=/swap >> /tftpboot/etc/fstab halt

Download the OpenBSD/luna88k GENERIC and RAMDISK kernels:

	http://ftp.eu.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.8/luna88k/bsd
	http://ftp.eu.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.8/luna88k/bsd.rd

Create a configuration file called config_client:

!  Configuration file for running OpenBSD/luna88k diskless with
!  a NetBSD/pmax machine as the nfs server.
!
!  This config file is for the client.

net(
	add_remote("localhost:12444")   ! the server
	local_port(12445)               ! the client
)

machine(
	name("client machine")
	serial_nr(1)

        type("luna88k")
        subtype("luna-88k")
	! use_x11(1)

        ! load("bsd.rd")
        load("bsd")
)

... and another configuration file for the server, config_server:

net(
	local_port(12444)               ! the server
	add_remote("localhost:12445")   ! the client
)

machine(
	name("nfs server")
	serial_nr(2)

        type("dec")
        subtype("5000/200")

        disk("nbsd_pmax.img")
)

Download an OpenBSD/sgi RAMDISK kernel (only used to run MAKEDEV):
```
	http://ftp.eu.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.7/sgi/bsd.rd.IP32
```

Create a configuration file called config_client_sgi:

!  Configuration file for running OpenBSD/sgi diskless with
!  a NetBSD/pmax machine as the nfs server.
!
!  This config file is for the client.

net(
	add_remote("localhost:12444")   ! the server
	local_port(12445)               ! the client
)

machine(
	name("client machine")
	serial_nr(1)

        type("sgi")
        subtype("o2")
	use_x11(1)
	memory(1024)

        load("bsd.rd.IP32")
        ! load("bsd.IP32")
)

Boot the "nfs server" and the OpenBSD/sgi "client machine" as two separate emulator instances:

	in one xterm:
	gxemul @config_server

	and then, in another xterm:
	gxemul @config_client_sgi

In the emulated OpenBSD/sgi client, type 's' for Shell and run these commands:

ifconfig mec0 10.0.0.3; route add default 10.0.0.254
mount -v 10.0.0.2:/tftpboot /mnt
cd /mnt/dev; ./MAKEDEV all; cd /; umount /mnt
halt -p

Finally, run the luna88k client:
```
	gxemul @config_client
```
When asked about root device, enter le0.

If you want to run with the graphical framebuffer, uncomment the use_x11(1) line in config_client first. Unfortunately, Xorg lacks a driver for wsfb in OpenBSD/luna88k 6.8, which is needed. A naive attempt at simply copying the driver from OpenBSD/luna88k 6.7 randomly resulted in Xorg's gray default background being visible for a second or so, when running startx.

(I also attempted to do the entire install using 6.7, but then logging in as root on the console was not possible.)

One can also experiment with the RAMDISK kernel (much easier than following the rather involved process above):

Download https://ftp.eu.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.8/luna88k/bsd.rd

Start the emulator like this:

	gxemul -e luna-88k bsd.rd

	(For older OpenBSD/luna88k kernels, 5.4 and below:)
	gxemul -e luna-88k 0x20000:0x20:bsd.rd

Add -X if you want to use the graphical framebuffer.

This is what can be expected of the RAMDISK kernel:

CPU0 is associated to 2 MC88200 CMMUs
CPU1 is associated to 2 MC88200 CMMUs
CPU2 is associated to 2 MC88200 CMMUs
CPU3 is associated to 2 MC88200 CMMUs
Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1991, 1993
	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
Copyright (c) 1995-2020 OpenBSD. All rights reserved.  https://www.OpenBSD.org

OpenBSD 6.8 (RAMDISK) #0: Tue Oct 13 00:19:54 JST 2020
    aoyama@aurora.in.nk-home.net:/w1/o/6.8/src/sys/arch/luna88k/compile/RAMDISK
real mem = 117440512 (112MB)
avail mem = 110452736 (105MB)
random: boothowto does not indicate good seed
mainbus0 at root: OMRON LUNA-88K, 25MHz
cpu0: M88100 rev 0x3, 2 CMMU
cpu0: M88200 (16K) rev 0x9, full Icache
cpu0: M88200 (16K) rev 0x9, full Dcache
clock0 at mainbus0: MK48T02
le0 at mainbus0: address 00:00:0a:10:20:30
le0: 32 receive buffers, 8 transmit buffers
sio0 at mainbus0: 7201a
siotty0 at sio0 channel 0 (console)
ws0 at sio0 channel 1[ luna88k sio dev1 write data: TODO ]

wskbd0 at ws0
fb at mainbus0 not configured
spc0 at mainbus0
scsibus0 at spc0: 8 targets, initiator 7
spc0: SCSI bus reset
spc0: SCSI bus reset
spc0: SCSI bus reset
spc0: SCSI bus reset
spc0: SCSI bus reset
spc0: SCSI bus reset
spc0: SCSI bus reset
spc0: SCSI bus reset
spc0: SCSI bus reset
spc0: SCSI bus reset
spc0: SCSI bus reset
spc0: SCSI bus reset
spc0: SCSI bus reset
spc0: SCSI bus reset
boot device: 
root on rd0a swap on rd0b dump on rd0b
WARNING: bad clock chip time
WARNING: CHECK AND RESET THE DATE!
erase ^?, werase ^W, kill ^U, intr ^C, status ^T

Welcome to the OpenBSD/luna88k 6.8 installation program.
(I)nstall, (U)pgrade, (A)utoinstall or (S)hell? s
# set
ARCH=luna88k
DONEPROFILE=YES
HOME
IFS=' 	
'
MAILCHECK=600
OBSD='OpenBSD/luna88k 6.8'
OLDPWD
OPTIND=1
PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/
PPID=1
PS1='\h\$ '
PS2='> '
PS3='#? '
PS4='+ '
PWD=/
RANDOM
REPLY=s
SECONDS=213
SHELL
SH_VERSION='@(#)PD KSH v5.2.14 99/07/13.2'
TMOUT=0
VERSION=68
VNAME=6.8
rootdisk=rd0a
timeout=false
timer_pid=
# ls -l
total 156
-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel   1480 Oct 12 16:50 .profile
lrwxr-xr-x  1 root  wheel     11 Oct 12 16:50 autoinstall -> install.sub
drwxr-xr-x  2 root  wheel    512 Oct 12 16:45 bin
drwxr-xr-x  2 root  wheel   8192 Oct 12 16:46 dev
drwxr-xr-x  5 root  wheel    512 Oct 12 16:50 etc
lrwxr-xr-x  1 root  wheel     11 Oct 12 16:50 install -> install.sub
-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel    335 Oct 12 16:50 install.md
-rwxr-xr-x  1 root  wheel  59228 Oct 12 16:50 install.sub
drwxr-xr-x  2 root  wheel    512 Oct 12 16:45 mnt
drwxr-xr-x  2 root  wheel    512 Oct 12 16:45 mnt2
drwxr-xr-x  2 root  wheel    512 Oct 12 16:45 sbin
drwxrwxrwt  4 root  wheel    512 Oct 12 16:50 tmp
lrwxr-xr-x  1 root  wheel     11 Oct 12 16:50 upgrade -> install.sub
drwxr-xr-x  6 root  wheel    512 Oct 12 16:45 usr
drwxr-xr-x  6 root  wheel    512 Oct 12 16:50 var
# halt
syncing disks... done
halted

The following is not needed in order to experiment with booting OpenBSD, but can be interesting nonetheless: Download https://ftp.eu.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.2/luna88k/boot and try

	gxemul -v -e luna-88k 0x00700000:0x20:0x00700000:boot